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Compare New Caledonia (2001) - Arctic Ocean (2005)

Compare New Caledonia (2001) z Arctic Ocean (2005)

 New Caledonia (2001)Arctic Ocean (2005)
 New CaledoniaArctic Ocean
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud -
Age structure 0-14 years:
30.31% (male 31,674; female 30,416)

15-64 years:
63.95% (male 66,014; female 65,006)

65 years and over:
5.74% (male 5,548; female 6,205) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products -
Airports 29 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
23

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
11 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
19,060 sq km

land:
18,575 sq km

water:
485 sq km		 total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Jersey slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate 20.37 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$861.3 million

expenditures:
$735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)		 -
Capital Noumea -
Climate tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline 2,254 km 45,389 km
Constitution 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) -
Country name conventional long form:
Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies

conventional short form:
New Caledonia

local long form:
Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances

local short form:
Nouvelle-Caledonie		 -
Currency Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF) -
Death rate 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $79 million (1998 est.) -
Dependency status overseas territory of France since 1956 -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of France) -
Disputes - international Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $880 million annual subsidy from France -
Economy - overview New Caledonia has more than 20% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership. Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption 1.414 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 1.52 billion kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
78.95%

hydro:
21.05%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Panie 1,628 m		 lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Ethnic groups Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3% -
Exchange rates Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 127.11 (January 2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997), 93.00 (1996); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro -
Executive branch chief of state:
President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Thierry LATASTE (since 19 July 1999)

head of government:
President of the Government Jean LEQUES (since 28 May 1999)

cabinet:
Consultative Committee

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress		 -
Exports $411 million (f.o.b., 1999) -
Exports - commodities ferronickels, nickel ore, fish -
Exports - partners Japan 27%, France 17%, Taiwan 12%, South Korea 9% (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description the flag of France is used -
GDP purchasing power parity - $3 billion (1998 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
4%

industry:
30%

services:
66% (1997 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $15,000 (1998 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.5% (1998 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 21 30 S, 165 30 E 90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note - major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Heliports 6 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
4,825 km

paved:
2,287 km

unpaved:
2,538 km (1999)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $843 million (f.o.b., 1999) -
Imports - commodities transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice -
Imports - partners France 49%, Australia 14%, Singapore 6%, New Zealand 5%, US 5% (1999) -
Independence none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass -
Industrial production growth rate -0.6% (1996) -
Industries nickel mining and smelting -
Infant mortality rate 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.5% (1998 est.) -
International organization participation ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 160 sq km (1991) -
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court -
Labor force 79,395 (including 15, 018 unemployed, 1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km -
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
12%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
49% (1993 est.)		 -
Languages French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects -
Legal system the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law -
Legislative branch unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1

note:
New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA September 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May-1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RPR 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
73.02 years

male:
70.08 years

female:
76.11 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
91%

male:
92%

female:
90% (1976 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references Oceania Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 -
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches French Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $192.3 million (1996) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5.3% (1996) -
National holiday Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) -
Nationality noun:
New Caledonian(s)

adjective:
New Caledonian		 -
Natural hazards cyclones, most frequent from November to March ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Alliance pour la Caledonie [Didier LEROUX]; Developper Ensemble pour Construire l'Avenir or DEPCA [Robert FROUIN]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Leopald SOREDIE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Groupe de l'Alliance Multiraciale or GAM [Dany DALMAYRAE]; Independance et Progres [Alphonse PUJAPUJANE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); La Caledonie Autrement [Denis MILLIARD]; Loyalty Islands Development Front or FDIL [Cono HAMU]; National Front or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Charles WASHETINE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [leader NA]; Renouveau [Thierry VALET]; Socialist Kanak Liberation or LKS [Nidoish NAISSELINE]; Union Caledonienne or UC [Bernard LEPEU]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Andre GOPEA] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 204,863 (July 2001 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 1.48% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Mueo, Noumea, Thio Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 107,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.89 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 47,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 13,040 (1998) -
Television broadcast stations 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain coastal plains with interior mountains central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate 2.48 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Transportation - note - sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate 19% (1996) -
Waterways none -
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